To clear ketones from the student's system, what are generally the two required treatments?

The primary treatments required to clear ketones from the system are insulin and fluid. Insulin is crucial because it helps to reduce blood glucose levels and suppress the production of ketones by allowing glucose to enter the cells for energy, thereby addressing the underlying metabolic derangement associated with conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Fluid replacement is equally important as it helps to restore hydration and dilute blood ketones, supporting kidney function in eliminating excess ketones and other waste products. Adequate hydration also helps to prevent complications such as electrolyte imbalances and promotes overall stabilization of the patient’s condition.

In contrast, while glucose is essential for treating hypoglycemia, excessive blood glucose is not the primary focus when addressing elevated ketones. Potassium does play a role in patient management, especially if insulin therapy causes shifts in potassium levels, but it is not a primary treatment for clearing ketones. Food intake isn't a direct treatment for ketones; in fact, during acute situations like DKA, oral intake may be restricted until stabilization occurs. Thus, focusing on insulin and fluid administration accurately addresses the immediate needs to manage ketones in the system.